【Typescript】axiosのREADME読んでみた Part3【React】

この記事はReactでaxiosを使うために、axiosのREADMEを読んで得た情報をまとまたものです。React×Typescriptのサンプルコードも載せています。

こんにちは！nomurabbitです。今回はaxiosに関する記事です。

Part3の今回はconfigについてです。クエリパラメータの指定やHTTPヘッダーのカスタマイズについて、Typescriptの型の解説やサンプルコードを交えて一緒に勉強していきましょう

Request Config
headers
params
data
auth
参考

Request Config

These are the available config options for making requests. Only the url is required. Requests will default to GET if method is not specified.

HTTPリクエストにURLは必須です。HTTPメソッドを指定しない場合デフォルトはGETです。

axiosには以下のメソッドが用意されています。必須パラメータのURLは第一引数もしくはconfigのパラメータとして指定します。

axios.request(config)
axios.get(url[, config])
axios.delete(url[, config])
axios.head(url[, config])
axios.options(url[, config])
axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

configの内容は以下の通りでTypescriptではAxiosRequestConfig型として定義されています。

configの内容

{
  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
  url: '/user',

  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
  method: 'get', // default

  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data

    return data;
  }],

  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },

  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
  // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
  paramsSerializer: function (params) {
    return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
  },

  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred'
  },
  
  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
  // method post
  // only the value is sent, not the key
  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',

  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)

  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default

  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },

  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
  auth: {
    username: 'janedoe',
    password: 's00pers3cret'
  },

  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
  //   browser only: 'blob'
  responseType: 'json', // default

  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default

  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default

  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  // browser only
  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  // browser only
  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },

  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
  maxContentLength: 2000,

  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
  maxBodyLength: 2000,

  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },

  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 5, // default

  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default

  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),

  // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`. 
  proxy: {
    protocol: 'https',
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: 'mikeymike',
      password: 'rapunz3l'
    }
  },

  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  }),

  // an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
  signal: new AbortController().signal,

  // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed 
  // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header 
  // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
  // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
  decompress: true // default

  // `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
  // Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
  // This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
  // Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
  // see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
  // see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
  insecureHTTPParser: undefined // default

  // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
  transitional: {
    // silent JSON parsing mode
    // `true`  - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
    // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
    silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version

    // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
    forcedJSONParsing: true,
    
    // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
    clarifyTimeoutError: false,
  }
}

AxiosRequestConfig型

export interface AxiosRequestConfig<D = any> {
  url?: string;
  method?: Method;
  baseURL?: string;
  transformRequest?: AxiosRequestTransformer | AxiosRequestTransformer[];
  transformResponse?: AxiosResponseTransformer | AxiosResponseTransformer[];
  headers?: AxiosRequestHeaders;
  params?: any;
  paramsSerializer?: (params: any) => string;
  data?: D;
  timeout?: number;
  timeoutErrorMessage?: string;
  withCredentials?: boolean;
  adapter?: AxiosAdapter;
  auth?: AxiosBasicCredentials;
  responseType?: ResponseType;
  xsrfCookieName?: string;
  xsrfHeaderName?: string;
  onUploadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
  onDownloadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
  maxContentLength?: number;
  validateStatus?: ((status: number) => boolean) | null;
  maxBodyLength?: number;
  maxRedirects?: number;
  socketPath?: string | null;
  httpAgent?: any;
  httpsAgent?: any;
  proxy?: AxiosProxyConfig | false;
  cancelToken?: CancelToken;
  decompress?: boolean;
  transitional?: TransitionalOptions;
  signal?: AbortSignal;
  insecureHTTPParser?: boolean;
}

ここからはconfigのメンバのうち、headers、params、data、authの使い方について詳しく見ていきましょう。

headers

postメソッドを使って、url、data、configを引数にした時の例です。

const getHttpPostResponse = () => {
  axios.post(apiUrl, httpRequestMessage, {headers: {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}})
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });
}

引数の型はそれぞれ

url : string
data : any
config : AxiosRequestConfig

で、AxiosRequestConfigの定義は以下の通りです。

export interface AxiosRequestConfig<D = any> {
  url?: string;
  method?: Method;
  baseURL?: string;
  transformRequest?: AxiosRequestTransformer | AxiosRequestTransformer[];
  transformResponse?: AxiosResponseTransformer | AxiosResponseTransformer[];
  headers?: AxiosRequestHeaders;
  params?: any;
  paramsSerializer?: (params: any) => string;
  data?: D;
  timeout?: number;
  timeoutErrorMessage?: string;
  withCredentials?: boolean;
  adapter?: AxiosAdapter;
  auth?: AxiosBasicCredentials;
  responseType?: ResponseType;
  xsrfCookieName?: string;
  xsrfHeaderName?: string;
  onUploadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
  onDownloadProgress?: (progressEvent: any) => void;
  maxContentLength?: number;
  validateStatus?: ((status: number) => boolean) | null;
  maxBodyLength?: number;
  maxRedirects?: number;
  socketPath?: string | null;
  httpAgent?: any;
  httpsAgent?: any;
  proxy?: AxiosProxyConfig | false;
  cancelToken?: CancelToken;
  decompress?: boolean;
  transitional?: TransitionalOptions;
  signal?: AbortSignal;
  insecureHTTPParser?: boolean;
}

resolve時、reject時の戻り値の型についてはPart2をご覧ください。

nomurabbit.hatenablog.jp

params

クエリパラメータを使いたい時はparamsを使います。このように定義すると、

const getHttpPostResponse = () => {
  axios.post(apiUrl, httpRequestMessage, {params: {'ID': '12345'}})
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });
}

HTTPリクエスト時のURLはこのようになります。

f:id:nomurabbit:20211225110513p:plain

data

dataはaxios.post()の第二引数として渡すこともできますが、axios.request()メソッドを使ってconfigに埋め込むこともできます。

const getHttpPostResponseBbk = () => {
  axios.request({url:apiUrl, method: 'post', headers: {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}, data: {httpRequestMessage}})
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });
}

axios.request()メソッドでmethodを指定しないとデフォルトでGETが指定されます。

auth

authはこのように指定します。

const getHttpPostResponseBbk = () => {
  axios.request({
    url:apiUrl,
    method: 'post',
    headers: {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'},
    data: {httpRequestMessage},
    auth: {username: 'nomurabbit',password: '12345678'}
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });
}

authの型はこちら。

export interface AxiosBasicCredentials {
  username: string;
  password: string;
}

ただし、authで対応できるのはBASIC認証のみなので、

// Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
// For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.

必要に応じてheadersにトークンを指定しましょう。

const getHttpPostResponseBbk = () => {
  axios.request({
    url:apiUrl,
    method: 'post',
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
      'Authorization': 'token12345678'
    },
    data: {httpRequestMessage},
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });
}